Bitcoin parse transaction

Decode Transaction. Ready to broadcast? Click here to broadcast a raw transaction hex. BTC, mBTC, bit, satoshi, Ether, GWei, Wei. You can also embed data.
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Users can not only quickly query a block of transaction information through the hash, but also make complex cascading queries. For example, it is possible to query transactions between specific two addresses. The native Bitcoin API does not support such data queries, so if OCAP is to have such a query function, we must preprocess the data on Bitcoin and store it the way we want it.

Which brings us to our topic today -- how do we parse Bitcoin data? Before we go into the technical details, let's take a look at the basics of what we want to do. As we all know, the data on the Internet is complicated, and out of this endless ocean of data, a search engine can quickly find the result a user wants. The reason it can do this is that there are two components behind the search engine: the Internet crawler and inverted indexing. The crawler is responsible for collecting data from the Internet continuously, and the inverted index is responsible for storing data in specific forms that search engines can quickly query.

Essentially, blockchain queries supported by ArcBlock OCAP are equivalent to providing "search engine" services for blockchains, and similar data preprocessing is required. Unlike search engines, we do not need a crawler because Bitcoin's data is stored on the disk of the node in binary form. However, the data is organized in a way that is not very human-friendly, so we need a parser to read these binary data and restore them to their original appearance. Then some further processing must be applied to the parsed data in order to form the data in the way that OCAP needs.

In this section, I will focus on how Bitcoin's data is stored and what additional calculations need to be done after this data is parsed from the raw binary file. There are two main types of files under this directory, one is blk Let's first look at what is stored in these documents through the following commands.


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The data displayed above is Bitcoin's Genesis Block. It is binary data in hexadecimal , with one byte per two characters. When a file reaches the maximum allowed size, the Bitcoin program creates another file to store new blocks. At first glance, it's a mess, but when you get to know the data format, it's not so hard. Bitcoin has a detailed explanation of the data format on its website, but the organization of their documents is not easy to read or understand, so we have created a more intuitive chart.

Transaction

The length of the variable integers is uncertain, between 1 and 9 bytes. The detailed rules to parse them are as follows:. If we fill the Bitcoin Genesis Block data into this chart, it will look like this:. This makes the data format much less mystifying. Note that I have not changed the data into big-endian.

If you would like to see that, please convert it yourself. Some of you may have noticed that this chart display does not include several very important fields such as block hash, block height, transaction hash, or addresses. If a data is calculable, it is not stored on the chain. This is a vital feature of blockchain, as it can save a lot of disk space, but it does create the need for some extra work.

GitHub - znort/blockparser: Simple C++ bitcoin blockchain parser

Creating a multisig address is easy. Multisig outputs have two parameters, the minimum number of signatures required m and the number of public keys to use to validate those signatures. Generate three new P2PKH addresses. P2PKH addresses cannot be used with the multisig redeem script created below.

Hashing each public key is unnecessary anyway—all the public keys are protected by a hash when the redeem script is hashed. However, Bitcoin Core uses addresses as a way to reference the underlying full unhashed public keys it knows about, so we get the three new addresses above in order to use their public keys.

Recall from the Guide that the hashed public keys used in addresses obfuscate the full public key , so you cannot give an address to another person or device as part of creating a typical multisig output or P2SH multisig redeem script. You must give them a full public key. Use the validateaddress RPC to display the full unhashed public key for one of the addresses.

This is the information which will actually be included in the multisig redeem script. This is also the information you would give another person or device as part of creating a multisig output or P2SH multisig redeem script. We save the address returned to a shell variable. Use the createmultisig RPC with two arguments, the number n of signatures required and a list of addresses or public keys. In this case, we provide two addresses and one public key —all of which will be converted to public keys in the redeem script.

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The P2SH address is returned along with the redeem script which must be provided when we spend satoshis sent to the P2SH address. You need the redeem script to spend any bitcoins sent to the P2SH address. If you lose the redeem script , you can recreate it by running the same command above, with the public keys listed in the same order.

However, if you lose both the redeem script and even one of the public keys , you will never be able to spend satoshis sent to that P2SH address. Neither the address nor the redeem script are stored in the wallet when you use createmultisig. To store them in the wallet , use the addmultisigaddress RPC instead. If you add an address to the wallet , you should also make a new backup. Here we use the same command but different variable we used in the Simple Spending subsection. As before, this command automatically selects an UTXO , creates a change output to a new one of our P2PKH addresses if necessary, and pays a transaction fee if necessary.

NBitcoin: How to make your first transaction with NBitcoin

We save that txid to a shell variable as the txid of the UTXO we plan to spend next. We use the getrawtransaction RPC with the optional second argument true to get the decoded transaction we just created with sendtoaddress. We generate the raw transaction the same way we did in the Simple Raw Transaction subsection. We get the private keys for two of the public keys we used to create the transaction, the same way we got private keys in the Complex Raw Transaction subsection.

Transactions

Recall that we created a 2-of-3 multisig pubkey script , so signatures from two private keys are needed. Reminder: Users should never manually manage private keys on mainnet. See the warning in the complex raw transaction section. We make the first signature. The input argument JSON object takes the additional redeem script parameter so that it can append the redeem script to the signature script after the two signatures.

The signrawtransaction call used here is nearly identical to the one used above. The only difference is the private key used.

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Now that the two required signatures have been provided, the transaction is marked as complete. We send the transaction spending the P2SH multisig output to the local node , which accepts it.

Bitcoin Developer Examples

To request payment using the payment protocol , you use an extended but backwards-compatible bitcoin: URI. For example:. For brevity and clarity, many normal CGI best practices are not used in this program. The full sequence of events is illustrated below, starting with the spender clicking a bitcoin: URI or scanning a bitcoin: QR code.


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    8. Non-Google protocol buffer compilers are available for a variety of programming languages. The startup code above is quite simple, requiring nothing but the epoch Unix date time function, the standard out file descriptor, a few functions from the OpenSSL library, and the data structures and functions created by protoc. The code pushes a few settings into the request PaymentRequest and details PaymentDetails objects.

    When we serialize them, PaymentDetails will be contained within the PaymentRequest. Both options use the X. To use either option, you will need a certificate signed by a certificate authority or one of their intermediaries. A self-signed certificate will not work. In general, if a certificate works in your web browser when you connect to your webserver, it will work for your PaymentRequests.

    It should usually be an HTTPS address to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks from modifying the message. As of this writing, the only version is version 1. The certificate must be in ASN. The figure below shows the certificate chain of the www. To be specific, the first certificate provided must be the X. Any intermediate certificates necessary to link that signed public SSL key to the root certificate the certificate authority are attached separately, with each certificate in DER format bearing the signature of the certificate that follows it all the way to but not including the root certificate.

    Embedding your passphrase in your CGI code, as done here, is obviously a bad idea in real life. The private SSL key will not be transmitted with your request. If you leave the amount blank, the wallet program will prompt the spender how much to pay which can be useful for donations. First we get a pubkey hash. Next, we plug that hash into the standard P2PKH pubkey script using hex, as illustrated by the code comments.

    Finally, we convert the pubkey script from hex into its serialized form. However, effective merge avoidance is not possible under the base BIP70 rules in which the spender pays each script the exact amount specified by its paired amount. Embedded HTML or other markup will not be processed. You can use this to track your invoices, although you can more reliably track payments by generating a unique address for each payment and then tracking when it gets paid. As will be described in a later subsection, the memo field can be used by the spender after payment as part of a cryptographically-proven receipt.

    You probably want to give receivers the ability to configure the expiration time delta; here we used the reasonable choice of 10 minutes. If this request is tied to an order total based on a fiat -to- satoshis exchange rate, you probably want to base this on a delta from the time you got the exchange rate. Now that we have PaymentRequest all filled out, we can serialize it and send it along with the HTTP headers , as shown in the code below.

    The following screenshot shows how the authenticated PaymentDetails created by the program above appears in the GUI from Bitcoin Core 0. Each code block precedes the paragraph describing it.